Data Glossary

The midpoint sale price for all single-family homes in the market, smoothed with a three-month rolling average to reduce seasonal noise.

Percentage change in median home value compared with the same month one year prior. Positive values indicate appreciation; negative values indicate depreciation.

Month-over-month percentage change in median home value. Useful for tracking short-term momentum, though more volatile than YoY.

Total percentage appreciation or depreciation in median home value over the past 60 months. Shows long-term structural trends in a market.

How far the current median home value sits above or below the local all-time high. Markets below peak may represent recovery opportunities; markets far above peak may indicate stretched valuations.

Mean observed monthly rent across all rental units in the market, including apartments, condos, and single-family homes.

Year-over-year percentage change in average rent. Rapid rent growth often precedes home price appreciation; rent declines can signal softening demand.

Average monthly rent divided by average monthly household income. Values above 30% signal affordability stress; values above 40% indicate severe cost burden.

Total number of residential properties listed for sale and active on the market at end of month. Rising inventory gives buyers more choices and can soften price growth.

Year-over-year change in active listing count. A sharp drop signals tightening supply; a surge signals softening demand or sellers returning to market.

Median number of days active listings spend on market before going under contract. Low DOM indicates high demand; rising DOM signals cooling buyer activity.

Days-on-market compared with the same month one year ago. Always measured year-over-year (not month-over-month) to eliminate seasonal patterns.

Percentage of active listings that have had at least one price reduction. Markets above 25% are showing seller capitulation; markets below 10% are strongly seller-favored.

Count of newly listed properties added to the market during the month. Rising new listings can expand buyer choice; declining new listings can intensify competition.

Year-over-year change in new listing count, indicating whether sellers are increasingly willing (or unwilling) to put homes on the market.

Median home value divided by (median household income × 5). Lower ratios indicate relatively affordable markets; higher ratios indicate stretched valuations relative to local income.

How much a market's valuation ratio exceeds (or falls below) the national average, expressed as a percentage. A value of +25% means homes are 25% more expensive relative to income than the national baseline.

Median home value divided by annual rent. Lower ratios (< 15) favor buying; higher ratios (> 20) favor renting. Useful for investors evaluating buy-vs-rent decisions.

Annual median household income divided by median home value. Higher ratios mean locals can more easily afford local homes; lower ratios signal affordability stress.

Composite 0–100 index weighting price-to-income, rent-to-income, and price-to-rent. A score of 100 represents the most affordable market in the dataset; 0 represents the least.

Total residential population of the market area. Used to contextualize absolute listing counts, inventory levels, and aggregate demand signals.

Year-over-year percentage change in population estimate. Markets with consistent inflows often sustain higher price appreciation due to structural demand growth.

Midpoint household income across all households in the market area, in current-year dollars. Core input for affordability and valuation calculations.

Year-over-year change in median household income. Markets where incomes grow faster than prices are gradually becoming more affordable.

Composite 0–100 market score weighing inventory (25%), days-on-market (20%), price reductions (20%), appreciation (20%), and mortgage rate adjustment (15%). Scores above 60 indicate appreciating markets; below 40 signal declining markets.

Predicted percentage change in home value over the next 12 months, based on current market dynamics, historical trends, and macro indicators. Provided as a directional signal, not a guarantee.

Simplified directional signal: Up, Flat, or Down — derived from the 12-month forecast. Useful for quickly screening markets without reading percentage values.