Data Glossary

Home Value

Median estimated home value for all residential properties.

Source

Zillow ZHVI

Publisher cadence

monthly

Home Value Growth (YoY)

Year-over-year change in median home value.

Source

Zillow ZHVI

Publisher cadence

monthly

Home Value Growth (MoM)

Month-over-month change in median home value.

Source

Zillow ZHVI

Publisher cadence

monthly

Home Value Growth (5yr)

Five-year cumulative change in median home value.

Source

Zillow ZHVI

Publisher cadence

monthly

% Change from 2022 Peak

Change in home value relative to the 2022 all-time peak.

Source

Zillow ZHVI

Publisher cadence

monthly

Single Family Value

Median estimated value for single-family residential homes.

Source

See source center

SFR Growth (YoY)

Year-over-year growth in single-family home values.

Source

See source center

Condo Value

Median estimated value for condominiums and co-ops.

Source

See source center

Condo Growth (YoY)

Year-over-year growth in condo values.

Source

See source center

Rents (All)

Average monthly rent across all residential property types.

Source

Zillow ZORI / Census ACS fallback

Publisher cadence

monthly

Rents (Homes)

Average monthly rent specifically for single-family homes.

Source

See source center

Rent Growth (YoY)

Year-over-year change in average rent.

Source

Zillow ZORI / Census ACS fallback

Publisher cadence

monthly

Inventory

Number of active residential listings on the market.

Source

Realtor.com

Publisher cadence

monthly

Days on Market

Median number of days a listing stays active before going under contract.

Source

Realtor.com

Publisher cadence

monthly

Price Cut %

Percentage of active listings that have had at least one price reduction.

Source

Realtor.com

Publisher cadence

monthly

New Listings

Number of new residential listings added this month.

Source

Realtor.com

Publisher cadence

monthly

Listing Price

Median active listing price (ask price, not sale price).

Source

See source center

Inventory % of Housing

Active listings as a percentage of total housing units — a supply tightness gauge.

Source

See source center

Home Sales

Number of homes sold this month.

Source

See source center

Home Sales Growth (YoY)

Year-over-year change in number of homes sold.

Source

See source center

Months of Supply

How many months it would take to sell all current inventory at the current sales pace. Below 3 = seller's market; above 6 = buyer's market.

Source

Realtor.com

Publisher cadence

monthly

Pending Ratio

Pending listings as a percentage of total active inventory. Higher values indicate faster-moving demand.

Source

Realtor.com

Listing Price / Sqft

Median listing price per square foot for active inventory.

Source

Realtor.com

Median Listing Size

Median square footage of active residential listings.

Source

Realtor.com

Absorption Rate

Percentage of available listings sold each month. Above 20% = fast-moving market.

Source

Derived

Sale-to-List Ratio

Median sale price as a percentage of the median listing price. Above 100% = homes selling above asking.

Source

Redfin

% Sold Above List

Percentage of homes that sold above their original list price — a direct measure of bidding-war intensity.

Source

Redfin

Median Sale Price / Sqft

Median price per square foot for homes that closed (sold price, not listing price).

Source

Redfin

Off Market in 2 Weeks

Percentage of listings that went off market within 2 weeks of listing — a real-time speed-of-sale indicator.

Source

Redfin

Median Listing Price YoY

Year-over-year percentage change in median active listing price.

Source

Realtor.com / modeled

Publisher cadence

monthly

Inventory Trend (12m)

12-month trend in active inventory (percent change vs prior year). Positive means inventory is building; negative means tightening supply.

Source

Realtor.com

Publisher cadence

monthly

Price Cut Momentum

Short-term acceleration/deceleration in price-cut share (percentage-point change month-over-month). Positive means sellers are cutting prices faster.

Source

Realtor.com

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Inventory vs 6-Month Benchmark

How far months of supply sits versus a neutral 6-month benchmark: ((months_supply − 6) / 6) × 100. Positive suggests surplus versus that benchmark; negative suggests a tighter market.

Source

OpenRoof derived

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Affordability

Composite 0–100 affordability score. Higher means more affordable relative to income.

Source

OpenRoof composite

Mortgage Payment

Estimated monthly mortgage payment at current rates (30yr fixed, 20% down).

Source

See source center

Mortgage % of Income

Monthly mortgage payment as a percentage of median household income.

Source

See source center

Owner Equity

Estimated average homeowner equity dollars for mortgaged homes. State values can use direct FHFA NMDB aggregates; lower scopes use the OpenRoof equity model.

Source

FHFA NMDB + OpenRoof equity model

Mark-to-Market LTV

Estimated average current loan-to-value percentage for active mortgages.

Source

FHFA NMDB + OpenRoof equity model

Salary to Afford

Annual salary needed to qualify for a mortgage on the median home.

Source

See source center

Buy vs Rent

Monthly cost difference between owning and renting. Positive = owning costs more.

Source

See source center

Median Income

Median annual household income (U.S. Census ACS).

Source

U.S. Census ACS

Publisher cadence

annual

Population

Total residential population (U.S. Census ACS).

Source

U.S. Census ACS

Publisher cadence

annual

Homeownership Rate

Percentage of occupied housing units that are owner-occupied.

Source

U.S. Census ACS 5-year

Publisher cadence

annual

Median Age

Median age of the resident population.

Source

See source center

Poverty Rate

Percentage of the population living below the federal poverty line.

Source

See source center

College Degree %

Percentage of adults 25+ with a bachelor's degree or higher.

Source

See source center

Remote Work %

Percentage of the workforce working from home.

Source

See source center

Vacancy Rate

Percentage of housing units that are vacant.

Source

U.S. Census ACS 5-year

Publisher cadence

annual

Housing Units

Total number of housing units (occupied + vacant).

Source

See source center

Homeowners 25-44%

Percentage of homeowners aged 25–44 (young household indicator).

Source

See source center

Homeowners 75+%

Percentage of homeowners aged 75 and older (aging-in-place indicator).

Source

See source center

Mortgaged Home %

Percentage of owner-occupied units with a mortgage.

Source

See source center

Family Households %

Percentage of households classified as family households.

Source

See source center

Single Households %

Percentage of households with a single occupant.

Source

See source center

Domestic Migration

Net domestic migration — people moving in minus people moving out annually.

Source

See source center

Domestic Migration %

Net domestic migration as a percentage of the existing population.

Source

See source center

Population Density

Residents per square mile of land area for the ZIP (or best available geography).

Source

Census / modeled

Publisher cadence

annual

Median Income YoY

Year-over-year percentage change in median household income.

Source

Census ACS / modeled

Publisher cadence

annual

Republican Vote Share (2-party)

Two-party Republican presidential vote share from county-level returns assigned to ZIPs by county.

Source

MIT Election Lab county returns

Democratic Vote Share (2-party)

Two-party Democratic presidential vote share from county-level returns assigned to ZIPs by county.

Source

MIT Election Lab county returns

Mean Annual Temperature

Annual mean temperature in degrees Fahrenheit from the nearest NOAA 1991-2020 normals station.

Source

NOAA/NCEI climate normals

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Birth/Death Ratio

Annual births divided by annual deaths (1.00 = parity). Values above 1 imply natural increase; below 1 imply natural decline.

Source

Census county population estimates

Migration Quality Proxy

Composite 0-100 proxy for migration quality based on income growth, demand strength, inventory trend, and unemployment backdrop.

Source

OpenRoof derived

Gross Rental Yield

Gross annual rent as a percentage of home value. Vacancy, operating expenses, and financing are excluded.

Source

OpenRoof composite (Zillow rent / Zillow value)

Publisher cadence

monthly

Price-to-Rent

Median home value divided by annual rent. Lower ratios favor buying; higher ratios favor renting.

Source

See source center

Overvalued %

How much the local home value deviates from the national fair-value baseline (home value ÷ 5× median income).

Source

See source center

Value / Income

Median home value divided by median household income — a price-to-income ratio.

Source

See source center

Rent % of Income

Monthly rent as a percentage of median household income.

Source

See source center

Gross Rental Yield Proxy

Gross annual rent as a percentage of home value. This proxy excludes operating expenses and is not a property-level cap rate.

Source

OpenRoof composite

Publisher cadence

monthly

Overvalued % (Rent)

How much rent deviates from the income-based fair-value rent baseline.

Source

See source center

Property Tax

Estimated annual property tax based on local effective tax rates.

Source

See source center

Property Tax Rate (% of Value)

Effective annual property tax as a percentage of home value (e.g. 1.2% per year). Uses vendor or Census-derived tax when available, otherwise estimated from annual tax and home value.

Source

Census / modeled

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Institutional Activity Proxy

Composite 0-100 proxy for institutional/investor activity intensity, using yield, market velocity, sale-to-list strength, and labor stability.

Source

OpenRoof derived

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Underwater Mortgages %

Estimated share of active mortgages with mark-to-market LTV above 100%. State values can use direct FHFA NMDB aggregates; lower scopes are modeled.

Source

FHFA NMDB + OpenRoof equity model

Foreclosure Starts

New foreclosure filings per 10,000 housing units. Measures how many homeowners entered the foreclosure process recently.

Source

Public records

Publisher cadence

weekly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Foreclosure Starts (YoY)

Year-over-year change in new foreclosure filings. Rising values signal accelerating stress.

Source

Public records

Completed Foreclosures

Completed foreclosures per 10,000 housing units. These properties have fully passed through the foreclosure process.

Source

Public records

Completed Foreclosures (YoY)

Year-over-year change in completed foreclosures. Indicates whether the foreclosure pipeline is growing or shrinking.

Source

Public records

Foreclosure Rate

Active foreclosure-pressure rate. At state/metro scope this can use FHFA NMDB aggregate mortgage-performance fallback; county/ZIP values remain public-record driven where observed.

Source

Public records + FHFA NMDB

Publisher cadence

weekly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Mortgage Delinquency 30-89d

Percentage of mortgages 30-89 days late from CFPB Mortgage Performance Trends. Aggregate state/metro/county signal only; not a foreclosure-start metric.

Source

CFPB Mortgage Performance Trends

Publisher cadence

quarterly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Mortgage Delinquency 90+d

Percentage of mortgages 90 or more days late from CFPB Mortgage Performance Trends. Aggregate state/metro/county signal only; not a foreclosure-start metric.

Source

CFPB Mortgage Performance Trends

Publisher cadence

quarterly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

REO Rate

Bank-owned (Real Estate Owned) properties as a percentage of housing units. REO means the lender took possession after a completed foreclosure.

Source

Public records

Distressed Listing Share

Percentage of active listings that are distressed (foreclosure, short sale, or REO). Indicates how much of the available inventory is under financial stress.

Source

Public records

Tax Delinquent Rate

Percentage of properties with delinquent property taxes. Tax delinquency is a leading indicator of future distress — it often precedes foreclosure.

Source

County records

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Lis Pendens Rate

Civil foreclosure filings (lis pendens) per 10,000 housing units. A lis pendens notice is filed when a lender initiates foreclosure proceedings, making this a leading indicator of future distressed supply. Higher values signal elevated foreclosure pipeline pressure.

Source

County court dockets

Shadow Inventory Proxy

Composite 0-100 proxy for latent inventory pressure, combining distressed listing share, tax delinquency, foreclosure rate, and REO rate.

Source

OpenRoof derived

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Distress Opportunity Score

Composite 0–100 score measuring distressed-market opportunity for investors. Uses public-record distress where available plus FHFA NMDB and CFPB aggregate mortgage-performance fallback at state/metro/county scope. Higher = more potential opportunity. Not a prediction — reflects current stress levels only.

Source

OpenRoof composite + FHFA NMDB + CFPB

Publisher cadence

weekly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Market Stress Index

Composite 0–100 market stress / seller-buyer imbalance. Blends public-record distress filings, CFPB mortgage delinquency, FHFA underwater share, price softness, inventory build, price cuts, days on market, months of supply, BLS unemployment, payment burden, and IRS migration. Unavailable components are reported, never invented.

Source

OpenRoof composite (public records + CFPB + FHFA + BLS + market data)

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

12-Month Home Value Forecast

OpenRoof's modeled next-12-month home-value change using public housing, labor, affordability, and risk signals. Values are suppressed when confidence is too low.

Source

OpenRoof forecast model

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Housing Demand Index

Composite 0-100 index of buyer demand based on pending ratio, off-market speed, sale-to-list strength, sold-above-list share, months of supply, and price-cut momentum.

Source

OpenRoof derived

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

OpenRoof Score

OpenRoof's single 0–100 market-conditions read with a Buy / Watch / Wait verdict. Blends five OpenRoof intelligence indices — recovery/resilience and long-term demand (higher helps) against market stress, affordability stress, and correction risk (higher hurts). Higher = more constructive conditions to engage. Not personalized financial advice; suppressed when data confidence is too low.

Source

OpenRoof composite (recovery, demand, stress, affordability, correction risk)

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Momentum Score

Composite 0–100 score measuring how fast-moving and active the market is, based on price growth, days on market, inventory, and price-cut share.

Source

OpenRoof composite (momentum)

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

OpenRoof Growth Score

OpenRoof 0-100 score for sustainable growth momentum. It blends source-backed home-value growth, rent growth, and yield context without using a third-party score or formula.

Source

OpenRoof composite

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Investment Score

Composite 0–100 score measuring buy-and-hold investment attractiveness, based on cap rate, Gross Rental Yield, vacancy, migration, and valuation.

Source

OpenRoof composite

Recovery / Resilience Index

Composite 0–100 measure of how well a market is positioned to hold value or recover: prices near peak, positive value and income momentum, job growth, low unemployment, and demand-side strength.

Source

OpenRoof composite (Zillow + Census + BLS + market data)

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Long-Term Demand Index

Composite 0–100 index of structural housing demand: domestic in-migration, births vs deaths, income trajectory, education and remote-work profile, young-owner formation, and vacancy slack.

Source

OpenRoof composite (IRS migration + Census + market data)

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

Unemployment Rate

Percentage of the civilian labor force that is unemployed (BLS LAUS, seasonally adjusted).

Source

BLS LAUS

Job Growth (YoY)

Year-over-year change in total non-farm payroll employment.

Source

BLS QCEW

Publisher cadence

quarterly

Building Permits (per 1K units)

New residential building permits issued per 1,000 existing housing units — state BPS rate allocated to OpenRoof ZIP/county/metro/state markets.

Source

Census BPS

Builder Activity Index

Composite 0-100 index of new-supply activity using permits intensity, inventory trend, and absorption turnover.

Source

OpenRoof derived

Publisher cadence

monthly

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

FEMA Climate Risk Score

FEMA National Risk Index composite county risk score, mapped onto ZIPs by county. Higher means higher expected hazard risk.

Source

FEMA National Risk Index

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

FEMA Flood Risk

FEMA National Risk Index inland-flooding risk score, mapped from county to ZIP.

Source

FEMA National Risk Index

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

FEMA Wildfire Risk

FEMA National Risk Index wildfire risk score, mapped from county to ZIP.

Source

FEMA National Risk Index

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

FEMA Heat Wave Risk

FEMA National Risk Index heat-wave risk score, mapped from county to ZIP.

Source

FEMA National Risk Index

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

FEMA Hurricane Risk

FEMA National Risk Index hurricane risk score, mapped from county to ZIP.

Source

FEMA National Risk Index

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.

FEMA Earthquake Risk

FEMA National Risk Index earthquake risk score, mapped from county to ZIP.

Source

FEMA National Risk Index

Publisher cadence

annual

Current snapshot; historical trends are not available for this metric.